United States
Voting todayWhat is at stake
Voting takes place on Tuesday 3 November 2026 for all 435 seats in the House of Representatives, about a third of the Senate and 36 governorships. Results will be added here once the count is complete.
Election Watch dates and results
National elections across Europe and the wider world: when the next vote is due, and what the last one decided.
Coming up
soonest first2026
2027
Estonia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Estonia's State Electoral Office has fixed the next Riigikogu election for Sunday 7 March 2027, at the end of the four-year term elected in March 2023, with an election week of six advance-voting days from 1 March and e-voting from 1-6 March. The president must formally call the election by 6 December 2026 and candidate nomination closes on 21 January 2027. All 101 seats are contested under proportional representation with a 5 percent national threshold; no early election has been called despite the governing Reform-Eesti 200 coalition's historically low poll ratings.
Finland
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The Finnish Ministry of Justice's election service confirms that the next parliamentary election falls on Sunday 18 April 2027, the regular end of the four-year term of the parliament elected in April 2023, with advance voting on 7-13 April in Finland and 7-10 April abroad and results confirmed on 21 April 2027. Candidate nominations close on 9 March 2027. There is no serious early-election speculation, but the vote will be a verdict on Prime Minister Petteri Orpo's NCP-Finns Party-led coalition, whose combined support has hovered near 39-40 percent.
France
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The French government has announced that the presidential election will be held on Sunday 18 April 2027 with a run-off on 2 May 2027, in line with constitutional rules requiring the vote 20-35 days before the end of the incumbent's term. Emmanuel Macron cannot run again after two consecutive terms, making 2027 an open race; Marine Le Pen launched her campaign in July 2026 after an appeal court upheld her embezzlement conviction but reduced her ineligibility, with a final Cour de Cassation ruling promised before the vote. Legislative elections are not due until 2029 unless the Assembly is dissolved again - snap-election preparation was floated in January 2026 when the Lecornu government faced collapse.
Greece
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Mitsotakis has repeatedly said the next general election will be held in spring 2027 at the end of New Democracy's four-year term, most recently telling party members in July 2026 to be 'battle ready for the elections that will take place in the spring of 2027' and explicitly ruling out an autumn 2026 vote. Greek reporting points to May 2027 as the likely date, partly because Greece takes over the EU Council presidency on 1 July 2027 and needs a settled government; the constitutional deadline is July 2027. Early-election talk was real: in June 2026 Politico reported senior New Democracy figures were quietly preparing for a possible September-October 2026 vote before Mitsotakis shut the option down.
Italy
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The current legislature runs until autumn 2027, so a vote must be held no later than 22 December 2027. Bloomberg reported in June 2026 that Meloni was weighing an early election as soon as April 2027, but Economy Minister Giancarlo Giorgetti publicly said an April vote is impossible because of pending regional-devolution legislation. The coalition's attempt to rewrite the electoral law was defeated by a single vote in a secret ballot on 14 July 2026, and the governing parties said they would try again in the Senate from September 2026 — the month in which Meloni becomes postwar Italy's longest-serving prime minister.
Spain
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The current legislature runs to July 2027, so under the constitution a general election must be held no later than 22 August 2027, with all 350 Congress seats and most of the Senate at stake. Pressure for an earlier vote is intense: corruption cases around the PSOE and Sánchez's circle led the Congress to pass a non-binding motion on 25 June 2026 urging him to resign by 177-171, and polling in May 2026 found 74% of Spaniards wanted immediate elections. Sánchez has publicly ruled out early elections but has conceded that failure to pass the 2027 budget could force decisions, and his parliamentary partners talk of the legislature's 'final stretch'.
Slovakia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The National Council's four-year term runs to autumn 2027, so the next parliamentary election is due by 28 September 2027 unless parliament dissolves itself early. Talk of an early vote has persisted amid protests, coalition friction and the failed July 2026 referendum, but Fico has repeatedly said he sees no grounds for one and aims to win the regular 2027 election, and analysts judge institutional and political incentives to work against a snap poll. No presidential election is due until 2029.
Poland
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The Sejm elected in October 2023 serves a four-year term, so the next parliamentary election must be held by 11 November 2027 and is expected in October 2027, with the exact date — from a set of permitted Sundays and holidays between 17 October and 11 November 2027 — to be fixed by President Nawrocki. An earlier vote would require the Sejm to dissolve itself or a failure to form a government, neither of which is currently in prospect. The next presidential election is not due until 2030.
Switzerland
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The next federal parliamentary election is planned for 24 October 2027, when the National Council and, in most cantons, the Council of States are renewed on the usual four-year cycle; seat reallocation means Lucerne and Fribourg each gain one National Council seat. Before that, voters go to the polls on 27 September 2026 on two popular initiatives: "Safeguarding Swiss neutrality (neutrality initiative)" and the "food initiative" on sustainable domestic production, plant-based food and clean drinking water. Parliament recommended rejection of the neutrality initiative in its final votes of 20 March 2026 (Council of States 29-10, National Council 124-65).
Australia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The Parliamentary Library calculates that a normal simultaneous House and half-Senate election must fall between 7 August 2027 and 20 May 2028, given constitutional and statutory timing constraints. A House-only election could theoretically be held as late as 23 September 2028, but simultaneous polls are the standard practice.
2028
Czech Republic
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The next national vote is the direct presidential election in early 2028, at the end of Petr Pavel's five-year term (he took office in March 2023 and may serve two consecutive terms); Pavel said in July 2026 he will announce a decision on running again 'at an appropriate time' next year, while ANO's parliamentary leader has urged the governing coalition to unite behind a single challenger. The Chamber of Deputies elected in October 2025 sits a four-year term, so the next parliamentary election is due in or before October 2029. Polls suggest Pavel would start as favourite, with a clear majority of respondents preferring him to alternatives in late-2025 surveys.
Cyprus
UpcomingWhat is at stake
With the parliamentary term just renewed (next legislative election due in 2031), the next national vote is the presidential election scheduled for February 2028, at the end of Christodoulides' five-year term, with a runoff if no candidate wins a majority. Positioning has already begun: an aide said in May 2026 that Christodoulides will likely seek re-election, DISY's Annita Demetriou has emerged as the dominant figure on the centre-right after her double win in the parliamentary and Speaker votes, and Andreas Mavroyiannis signalled in August 2026 he would run again with AKEL's backing. Analysts expect a fragmented field rather than a classic two-camp contest.
Croatia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The Sabor elected in April 2024 runs a four-year term, so the next regular parliamentary election must be held by 30 April 2028; Croatia's State Electoral Commission calendar lists no regular elections at all for 2026. Talk of an early vote in late spring 2026 circulated in January 2026 amid coalition friction over the Homeland Movement and corruption scandals, but HDZ leader Plenković publicly ruled it out in May 2026, saying elections would be held in the regular 2028 term. Presidential elections are next due at the end of 2029, after Milanović's second term.
Luxembourg
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Luxembourg's Chamber of Deputies is elected for a fixed five-year term and the government's official portal states that the next legislative elections take place in 2028, most likely in October in line with recent practice. There is no early-election speculation: the CSV-DP coalition retains its 35-seat majority, and the mid-term test in 2026 was the tripartite social-partner negotiation rather than any confidence crisis. Communal elections and the 2029 European elections fall outside this national cycle.
Lithuania
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The Seimas sits for a four-year term, so the next regular parliamentary election falls in October 2028; a single-district by-election in Northern Nalšia is pending in 2026. The main political story is instability rather than an early national vote: Prime Minister Inga Ruginienė resigned on 23 June 2026 after roughly ten months in office, a renewed three-party coalition agreement was signed on 18 June 2026, and the Seimas confirmed Mindaugas Sinkevičius's cabinet on 14 July 2026 by 72 of 141 votes — the third Social Democrat-led government since the 2024 election.
Romania
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Regular parliamentary elections are due on or before 30 November 2028. The constitution allows an earlier vote if parliament is dissolved after failed attempts to form a government.
2029
Germany
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Under Article 39 of the Basic Law a regular Bundestag election must be held 46-48 months after the constituent sitting of the current parliament, which met on 25 March 2025, so the Federal Returning Officer places the 2029 election between 26 January and 25 March 2029, on a Sunday or public holiday, with the exact date to be set by the federal president. An earlier vote is possible only if the president dissolves the Bundestag after a failed confidence vote, as happened in 2024-25. Merz's CDU/CSU-SPD coalition holds a working majority, but record-low government approval (13 percent satisfied in the August 2026 ARD DeutschlandTrend) and AfD poll leads keep pressure on it.
Belgium
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Belgium's Chamber of Representatives sits for a five-year term, so the next federal election is scheduled for mid-2029, with IPU Parline recording an expected date of 30 June 2029 and the De Wever coalition agreement written for the 2025-2029 legislature. There is no serious early-election talk: the coalition still commands a comfortable majority on paper (about 57% of seats in current polling), though budget, pension and migration disputes have repeatedly strained it. Any federal collapse would in practice be resolved by renegotiation rather than an early vote, given the complexity of Belgian coalition-building.
Japan
UpcomingWhat is at stake
With the lower house renewed in February 2026, the next scheduled national vote is the regular House of Councillors election due in summer 2029, following the three-year cycle from the 20 July 2025 upper-house election. The current House of Representatives term runs to February 2030 unless the prime minister calls another snap poll. In the 2025 upper-house vote the LDP won 39 seats and Komeito eight, leaving the then coalition short of a majority at 122 of 248 seats.
United Kingdom
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The next UK general election must be held by August 2029, five years after the current parliament first met, with the timing otherwise at the prime minister's discretion. Because Andy Burnham replaced Keir Starmer mid-parliament in July 2026 without a public mandate, there was heavy speculation — including from former cabinet secretary Lord Case — that he should seek an early election, and The Sun reported in May 2026 that he was weighing one. Burnham ruled that out in a BBC interview on 27 July 2026, saying there would be no early general election.
Austria
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The National Council elected in September 2024 runs a five-year term, so the next regular legislative election is expected by autumn 2029 (IPU records an expected date of 30 September 2029). 2026 is a non-election year at federal level, and Chancellor Stocker has said he intends to lead the ÖVP into the 2029 campaign, though commentators question whether he will survive regional-election setbacks starting with Upper Austria in 2027. Before then, Austria votes for a new federal president in 2028, as Alexander Van der Bellen's second six-year term ends and he will not run again.
Portugal
UpcomingWhat is at stake
After the snap legislative election of 18 May 2025, the 17th legislature runs a full four-year term, so the next parliamentary election is due on or before 14 October 2029, with the national election authority's calendar listing September/October 2029 for the Assembly of the Republic. Luís Montenegro's AD (PSD/CDS-PP) governs without a majority — the coalition holds 91 of 230 seats — so an early election remains possible if the president dissolves parliament or the government loses a confidence vote. No other nationwide vote (presidential or European) is scheduled before 2029.
2030
Ireland
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The 34th Dáil, elected on 29 November 2024, first met in December 2024 and under the Electoral Act 1992 cannot sit longer than five years from that first meeting, so the next general election must be held by early January 2030, with the Taoiseach free to seek a dissolution earlier at any time. Micheál Martin's Fianna Fáil-Fine Gael coalition, supported by independents, retains a working majority and no early election has been signalled, though poor poll numbers for Fianna Fáil have raised pressure on the Taoiseach. The next presidential election is not due until 2032, following Connolly's seven-year term.
Denmark
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Under the Danish Constitution a general election must be held at least every four years, so the Folketing elected on 24 March 2026 must go back to the voters by 23 March 2030 at the latest. However, the prime minister can ask the monarch to call an election at any time — as Frederiksen did in February 2026, seven months early — and her new four-party minority coalition depends on outside support, so an earlier vote cannot be excluded. Poll aggregators currently list 2030 as the expected date.
Slovenia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Slovenia's 90-member National Assembly is elected for four years by proportional representation, so the next regular parliamentary election is expected in 2030, with poll trackers already dating it to that year. Janša's coalition holds only 43 of 90 seats and relies on outside support from Resnica plus minority deputies, so its stability — and the possibility of an earlier vote — depends on that thin arithmetic. A presidential election is due in 2027, when Nataša Pirc Musar's first term ends.
Hungary
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Hungary's National Assembly is elected for four years, so the next regular parliamentary election is due in April or May 2030, again for all 199 seats with 100 needed for a majority. The new parliament was constituted on 9 May 2026 and Magyar's Tisza government holds a two-thirds supermajority, giving it the votes to change the constitution and electoral law without partners, so no early election is in prospect. Fidesz re-elected Orbán as party leader in June 2026, setting him up to lead the opposition into the next cycle.
Netherlands
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The House sits for four years, and the next regular general election is scheduled for 15 May 2030 — pushed to May rather than the customary March because municipal elections fall in March 2030. An earlier vote is a live possibility because the Jetten cabinet is a minority government with only 66 seats and depends on shifting parliamentary support; polling in mid-2026 suggests the three coalition parties would lose roughly a fifth of their seats. Senate (Eerste Kamer) elections, chosen indirectly by the provinces, are due in March 2027.
Sweden
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The next regular Riksdag election, held every four years on the second Sunday of September together with regional and municipal elections.
Latvia
UpcomingWhat is at stake
The next regular Saeima election, held every four years on the first Saturday of October.
2031
Malta
UpcomingWhat is at stake
Malta's Constitution gives the House a maximum five-year term from its first sitting, with the election held within three months of dissolution, so the next general election is expected in 2031 unless the prime minister again goes early — as Abela did in 2026, about a year ahead of the deadline. No date has been set and no early-election speculation has emerged this soon after the vote.
Results
most recent first2026
Bulgaria
ResultIliana Iotova wins the presidential run-off
Acting President Iliana Iotova won the run-off against Andrey Gyurov, a former caretaker prime minister backed by the pro-Western opposition, with about 58% of the vote to about 39% in near-final results. Gyurov conceded. Iotova becomes the first woman elected head of state in Bulgaria. The first round was held on 25 October.
Israel
ResultLikud stays largest party with 27 seats as no bloc reaches a majority
With all votes counted, Benjamin Netanyahu's Likud came first with 27 of 120 seats, ahead of Yashar (21) and B'Yachad (12). Netanyahu's bloc holds 53 seats, Gadi Eisenkot's bloc 48 and the Arab parties 19, so neither side reaches the 61 needed to govern. Turnout was 77.9%. Coalition talks follow the official confirmation of the results.
Latvia
ResultUnited List wins 41 of 100 seats but falls short of a majority
United List came first with 35.8% of the vote and 41 seats, ten short of a majority. Latvia First won 17 seats, Sovereign Power 15, the National Alliance and the Progressives 10 each, and New Unity 7. Turnout fell to 51.8%. A new government has not yet been formed.
Sweden
ResultCentre-left opposition wins 176 of 349 seats as Social Democrats stay largest party
The Social Democrats, Left, Centre and Greens took 49.6% of the vote and 176 seats, against 173 seats (48.8%) for the governing Tidö parties. The Social Democrats remained the largest party on 28.0% and 99 seats; the Moderates were second on 19.9% and the Sweden Democrats third on 17.5%, their first fall at a general election since 1988. Turnout was about 85%. Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson resigned and stays on as caretaker; the Riksdag rejected Magdalena Andersson as prime minister on 15 October, so government formation continues.
Malta
ResultMalta's Labour Party wins a historic fourth consecutive term
Robert Abela's Labour Party (PL) took 51.77% of the vote and 36 directly elected seats, against 44.68% and 31 seats for Alex Borg's Nationalist Party (PN), in an election called on 27 April 2026 roughly a year ahead of schedule. It is the first time since universal suffrage in 1921 that a Maltese party has won four straight terms, though Labour's margin narrowed to just under 22,000 votes from 39,474 in 2022 and it lost the Gozo (13th) district for the first time in two decades; turnout was about 87.5%. Proportionality and gender mechanisms brought the final chamber to 42 PL and 37 PN members, and Abela was sworn in for a new term on 1 June 2026.
Cyprus
ResultDISY wins Cyprus election as far-right ELAM doubles up and anti-establishment newcomers break through
The centre-right Democratic Rally (DISY) under Annita Demetriou finished first with 27.1-27.2% and 17 of the 56 contested seats, ahead of the left-wing AKEL on about 23.8-23.9% and 15 seats, on turnout of 66.9%. Far-right ELAM came third with roughly 11%, doubling to eight seats, level with DIKO on eight, while newcomers ALMA (anti-corruption, four seats) and YouTuber Fidias Panayiotou's Direct Democracy (four seats) entered parliament and the centrist EDEK and DIPA fell below the 3.6% threshold. Executive power stays with President Nikos Christodoulides, but the parties backing him were the night's biggest losers, weakening his 2028 re-election base.
Bulgaria
ResultEx-president Rumen Radev wins landslide, giving Bulgaria its first single-party majority since 1997
Radev's new Progressive Bulgaria (PB) coalition won 43.9-44.7% of the vote and 131 of 240 seats on turnout of about 51%, crushing Boyko Borissov's GERB-SDS (13.2%, 39 seats), PP-DB (12.4%, 37 seats), Peevski's DPS (7.0%, 21) and Revival (4.2%, 12). The snap vote — Bulgaria's eighth in five years — was triggered by the December 2025 resignation of Rosen Zhelyazkov's government after mass anti-corruption protests; the Socialists (BSP) fell out of parliament for the first time since 1991. Parliament confirmed Radev as prime minister on 8 May 2026, ending a five-year cycle of fragile coalitions, though his openness to renewed ties with Russia worries EU partners.
Hungary
ResultPéter Magyar's Tisza ends Viktor Orbán's 16-year rule with a two-thirds landslide
The centre-right, pro-European Tisza party of Péter Magyar won 53.2 percent of the vote and, after final postal and diaspora counts announced on 18 April, 141 of the 199 National Assembly seats - more than the two-thirds needed to amend the constitution. Orbán's Fidesz-KDNP fell to 38.6 percent and 52 seats (from 135) and became the largest opposition party, while the far-right Our Homeland kept six seats; turnout was a post-1989 record of about 78-79 percent. Orbán conceded on election night, calling the result 'painful but unambiguous'; Magyar took office as prime minister on 9 May 2026 and his government was sworn in on 12 May.
Denmark
ResultFrederiksen's Social Democrats win but post their worst result since 1903 as no bloc gets a majority
Mette Frederiksen's Social Democrats took 21.9% and 38 of 179 seats — a loss of 12 seats and the party's weakest showing since 1903 — while the left-leaning 'red bloc' won 84 seats to the right's 77, both short of the 90 needed; the Liberals (Venstre) also had their worst result in a century on 10.1% and the far-right Danish People's Party more than tripled to about 9%. Frederiksen had called the snap vote seven months early against the backdrop of Donald Trump's push to take control of Greenland. After a record 69 days of talks she formed a four-party centre-left minority coalition of the Social Democrats, Socialist People's Party (Green Left), Radikale Venstre and the Moderates, presented to King Frederik X on 3 June 2026, securing her a third term.
Slovenia
ResultCliffhanger vote hands Golob's Freedom Movement a one-seat win but returns Janša to power
Robert Golob's liberal Freedom Movement (GS) narrowly finished first on 28.63% and 29 of 90 seats, just ahead of Janez Janša's Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) on 27.95% and 28 seats, on turnout of about 69%; the NSi/SLS/Fokus list was third with roughly 9.3% and 9 seats. With no bloc near the 46 seats needed, Golob failed to assemble a majority and conceded his party would go into opposition. Parliament elected Janša prime minister on 22 May 2026 (51-36) and approved his five-party centre-right cabinet on 4 June 2026 by 49 votes to 30, giving him a fourth term with a coalition of SDS, NSi, SLS, Fokus and the Democrats controlling 43 of 90 seats plus outside support from Resnica.
Japan
ResultTakaichi's LDP won a landslide 316 of 465 lower-house seats
Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi dissolved the House of Representatives on 23 January 2026 and won a landslide in the snap general election of 8 February 2026. The LDP took 316 of 465 seats, up from 198 and its largest postwar total, giving it a two-thirds supermajority on its own; with coalition partner Nippon Ishin's 36 seats the bloc reached 352. The newly merged main opposition Centrist Reform Alliance took 49 seats and the Democratic Party for the People 28.
Portugal
ResultSocialist António José Seguro crushes far-right Chega leader Ventura in presidential run-off
Former Socialist Party leader António José Seguro won the 8 February 2026 run-off with 66.8% against 33.2% for Chega leader André Ventura, after leading the 18 January first round with 31.1% to Ventura's 23.5%. Turnout was about 52% in the first round and roughly 50% in the run-off, and Seguro was sworn in as president on 9 March 2026, succeeding two-term incumbent Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa. Ventura's 33% nonetheless exceeded Chega's 22.8% general-election score, underscoring the party's continued growth.
2025
Netherlands
ResultD66 edges out Wilders's PVV to become the largest Dutch party
Rob Jetten's liberal-progressive D66 won 16.94% and 26 of 150 seats — up from nine — beating Geert Wilders's PVV, which also took 26 seats on 16.66%, by 29,668 votes, the first time D66 has finished first; the Electoral Council confirmed the outcome on 7 November 2025. The VVD took 22 seats, GroenLinks-PvdA 20, CDA 18, JA21 9 and FvD 7. After 117 days of talks, a D66-VVD-CDA minority cabinet with only 66 of 150 seats was sworn in on 23 February 2026, making the 38-year-old Jetten the youngest prime minister in Dutch history.
Ireland
ResultCatherine Connolly wins Irish presidency in landslide
Left-wing independent TD Catherine Connolly, nominated by Sinn Féin, Labour, the Social Democrats, the Greens, People Before Profit and independents, won 914,143 first-preference votes - 63.4 percent - against 29.5 percent for Fine Gael's Heather Humphreys, who conceded once preliminary tallies appeared on 25 October. Fianna Fáil's Jim Gavin, who had withdrawn from campaigning weeks earlier, still took 7.2 percent. Connolly was inaugurated as Ireland's tenth president on 11 November 2025; the office is largely ceremonial, and the Fianna Fáil-Fine Gael coalition formed after the November 2024 general election continues in government.
Czech Republic
ResultAndrej Babiš's ANO wins Czech election and returns to power with eurosceptic partners
Billionaire Andrej Babiš's populist ANO won about 34.5-35% of the vote and 80 of 200 seats, defeating Prime Minister Petr Fiala's centre-right SPOLU coalition after one term but falling short of a majority. Babiš signed a coalition agreement on 3 November 2025 with the far-right, anti-EU SPD and the right-wing Motorists for Themselves, giving the government 108 seats; President Petr Pavel appointed the cabinet on 15 December 2025. The government programme stresses higher spending and opposition to EU climate and migration policy.
Poland
ResultNationalist Karol Nawrocki narrowly wins Poland's presidency
Karol Nawrocki, the PiS-backed head of the Institute of National Remembrance, won the runoff with 50.89% (10,606,877 votes) against 49.11% (10,237,286) for Warsaw mayor Rafał Trzaskowski of Donald Tusk's Civic Coalition, a margin of 369,591 votes. The result was a significant setback for Tusk's pro-EU government, since the president retains a veto over legislation, and it kept the presidency in conservative hands after Andrzej Duda. The Supreme Court chamber handling electoral disputes validated the outcome on 1 July 2025 despite challenges over vote-counting errors.
Romania
ResultCentrist Nicușor Dan beats hard-right George Simion in re-run presidential vote
In the court-ordered re-run of the annulled 2024 presidential election, Bucharest mayor Nicușor Dan won the 18 May 2025 run-off with 53.6% against 46.4% for AUR leader George Simion, who had led the 4 May first round with 40.96% to Dan's 20.99%. Turnout was close to 65%, the highest in decades, and the result was widely read across the EU as a rejection of the pro-Russian hard right. Dan took office in late May 2025 and installed a broad pro-European coalition under Liberal PM Ilie Bolojan in June 2025.
Australia
ResultLabor won a record 94 of 150 House seats as Peter Dutton lost his own seat
Anthony Albanese's Labor government was re-elected at the federal election of 3 May 2025, winning 94 of the 150 House of Representatives seats - a record for the party - on a two-party-preferred vote of 55.22%, with turnout at 90.70% per the Australian Electoral Commission. The Coalition was reduced to 43 seats and opposition leader Peter Dutton lost his own seat of Dickson.
Germany
ResultMerz's CDU/CSU wins German snap election as AfD surges to record second place
The snap election called after the collapse of Olaf Scholz's three-way coalition was won by Friedrich Merz's CDU/CSU with about 28.5 percent of the vote and 208 of 630 Bundestag seats - its second-worst post-war result. The far-right AfD doubled its score to a record 20.8 percent, while Scholz's SPD fell to 16.4 percent, its worst result since 1945, and the Greens took 11.6 percent; the FDP and BSW missed the 5 percent threshold. Merz ruled out cooperating with the AfD and formed a CDU/CSU-SPD 'grand coalition' controlling 328 seats, taking office as chancellor in May 2025.
Croatia
ResultZoran Milanović re-elected Croatian president in a landslide
Incumbent Zoran Milanović, a critic of NATO enlargement and of military aid to Ukraine, won the run-off with about 74.5-74.7% against Dragan Primorac (25.3%), the candidate of Prime Minister Andrej Plenković's ruling HDZ, on turnout of roughly 44%. It was a heavy personal defeat for Plenković and the HDZ, though the presidency is largely ceremonial and the government continued unaffected. Croatia's last parliamentary election was the 17 April 2024 vote won by HDZ, which governs in coalition with the right-wing Homeland Movement and minority MPs.
2024
United States
ResultTrump won 312 electoral votes to Harris's 226; results certified 6 January 2025
Donald Trump defeated Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election, taking 312 electoral votes to her 226 according to the National Archives' official electoral college tally. Congress met in joint session on 6 January 2025 to count and certify the electoral votes, formalising Trump's return to the presidency.
Lithuania
ResultSocial Democrats win Lithuania's 2024 Seimas election
The opposition Social Democratic Party (LSDP), led by Vilija Blinkevičiūtė, took 19.3% of the party-list vote and 52 of the 141 Seimas seats, ousting Ingrida Šimonytė's government. The conservative Homeland Union (TS-LKD) fell to 28 seats from 50, while the populist Dawn of Nemunas won 20, Democrats "For Lithuania" 14, the Liberal Movement 12 and the Farmers and Greens 8. The Social Democrats formed a coalition government with Dawn of Nemunas and the Democrats.
Austria
ResultFar-right FPÖ wins Austrian election for the first time, but is shut out of power
The far-right Freedom Party (FPÖ) under Herbert Kickl came first with 28.8% of the vote and 57 of 183 National Council seats, its best result since the party's founding, ahead of the conservative ÖVP (about 26%) and the Social Democrats (SPÖ, about 21%); turnout was 77.7%. No party would govern with Kickl, and after a record five-month deadlock a first-ever three-party centrist coalition of ÖVP, SPÖ and the liberal NEOS took office on 3 March 2025 under Chancellor Christian Stocker. The FPÖ, despite winning the election, remained in opposition.
France
ResultLeft alliance tops shock French snap election as hung parliament emerges
President Emmanuel Macron dissolved the National Assembly after the far right's June 2024 European election win, and the snap two-round vote produced a hung parliament with no bloc near the 289-seat majority. The left-wing New Popular Front finished first with roughly 178-182 seats (25.8 percent in round two), ahead of Macron's Ensemble on about 159-168 and Marine Le Pen's National Rally and allies on about 142-143, despite RN topping both rounds on votes. The result left France without a stable majority and has produced a succession of fragile minority governments since.
United Kingdom
ResultLabour landslide under Starmer ends 14 years of Conservative government
Labour won 411 of 650 seats — a 172-seat majority — on 33.7% of the vote, its best result since 2001, while the Conservatives under Rishi Sunak collapsed to 121 seats, down 244. The Liberal Democrats took 72 seats, the SNP nine, Reform UK five and the Greens four, on 59.9% turnout, making it the least proportional general election on record. Keir Starmer became prime minister; he resigned as Labour leader in June 2026 after poor May local and regional election results and was succeeded by Andy Burnham, who took office on 20 July 2026 without a general election.
Belgium
ResultFlemish nationalist N-VA wins Belgium's federal election as far-right surge fails to materialise
Official House of Representatives results gave Bart De Wever's N-VA first place with 16.71% of the national vote and 24 of 150 seats, ahead of the far-right Vlaams Belang (13.77%, 20 seats), the francophone liberals MR (10.26%, 20 seats) and the far-left PTB-PVDA (9.86%, 15 seats); outgoing PM Alexander De Croo's Open VLD collapsed to 5.45% and 7 seats. Vlaams Belang, which had led pre-election polls, was beaten in Flanders by N-VA. After 236 days of talks, the five-party 'Arizona' coalition of N-VA, MR, Les Engagés, Vooruit and CD&V took office on 3 February 2025 with De Wever as Belgium's first Flemish-nationalist prime minister.
Slovakia
ResultOpposition Progressive Slovakia edges out Fico's Smer in 2024 European election
In Slovakia's most recent nationwide vote, the liberal opposition Progressive Slovakia (PS) won the 8 June 2024 European Parliament election with 27.81% and 6 of 15 seats, ahead of PM Robert Fico's Smer-SD on 24.76% and 5 seats, with the far-right Republika third on 12.53%. The vote came weeks after the assassination attempt on Fico and did not change national government: Fico's Smer–Hlas–SNS coalition, formed after the 30 September 2023 parliamentary election, remains in office, with Smer ally Peter Pellegrini having won the 6 April 2024 presidential run-off with about 53% against Ivan Korčok. Since then the only national ballot was an opposition-initiated referendum on 4 July 2026 on scrapping Fico's lifetime state payments, which was invalid on 16.13% turnout.
Finland
ResultAlexander Stubb narrowly wins Finland's 2024 presidential run-off
Alexander Stubb of the centre-right National Coalition Party won the 11 February 2024 run-off with 51.6 percent (1,575,444 votes) against 48.4 percent for Pekka Haavisto, an independent backed by the Green League. Stubb had also led the 28 January first round with 27.2 percent to Haavisto's 25.8 percent, with the Finns Party's Jussi Halla-aho third on 19.0 percent; first-round turnout was 71.5 percent. Stubb was sworn in as Finland's 13th president on 1 March 2024, succeeding Sauli Niinistö; the government remained Petteri Orpo's four-party right-wing coalition elected in 2023.
2023
Switzerland
ResultThe SVP won 62 of 200 National Council seats with 27.9% of the vote
Switzerland's most recent federal election was held on 22 October 2023 for all 200 National Council seats and 45 of the 46 Council of States seats. The right-wing Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) won 27.9% of the vote and 62 seats, up nine, ahead of the Social Democrats on 18.3% and 41 seats, the Centre on 29 seats and the Radical-Liberals on 28; the Greens fell to 23 seats and the Green Liberals to 10. Turnout was 46.6%, and the seven-seat Federal Council retained its existing party composition at the December 2023 government election.
Luxembourg
ResultCSV stays largest party and returns to power under Luc Frieden
The Christian Social People's Party (CSV) won 29.2% and held its 21 of 60 seats, remaining the largest party, while the LSAP took 18.9% (11 seats), the DP 18.7% (14 seats), the ADR 9.3% (5) and the Greens fell to 8.6% (4 seats, down five); turnout among compulsory voters was 87.2%. The CSV formed a coalition with the DP commanding 35 of 60 seats, and Luc Frieden took office as prime minister on 17 November 2023, with outgoing premier Xavier Bettel becoming foreign minister.
Spain
ResultPP wins most seats in 2023 snap election but Sánchez retains power with Catalan deal
In the snap general election of 23 July 2023, Alberto Núñez Feijóo's People's Party came first with 33.06% and 137 of 350 seats, ahead of Pedro Sánchez's PSOE on 31.68% and 121 seats, Vox on 12.38% and 33 seats, and Sumar on 12.33% and 31 seats, on 66.6% turnout. Feijóo's investiture bids failed in September 2023, and Sánchez was re-elected prime minister on 16 November 2023 by 179 votes to 171 after a deal with Junts that included a contested amnesty for Catalan separatists, sustaining a PSOE-Sumar minority coalition. At the more recent European Parliament election of 9 June 2024 the PP won 34.2% and 22 of 61 Spanish seats to the PSOE's 30.2% and 20 seats.
Greece
ResultMitsotakis's New Democracy wins outright majority in Greece's June 2023 repeat election
In the second election in five weeks, Kyriakos Mitsotakis's centre-right New Democracy took 40.6 percent of the vote and 158 of 300 seats, helped by a bonus-seat system used in the June round that the May vote had lacked. Alexis Tsipras's Syriza slumped to 17.8 percent and 47 seats, its worst result, PASOK-KINAL won 32 seats and the KKE 20, while three far-right parties entered parliament; turnout was 52.8 percent. Mitsotakis formed a single-party ND government for a second four-year term.
Estonia
ResultKaja Kallas's Reform Party wins landslide in Estonia's 2023 Riigikogu election
The liberal Reform Party of then-prime minister Kaja Kallas won 31.2 percent of the vote and 37 of the 101 Riigikogu seats, well clear of the national-conservative EKRE on 16.1 percent and 17 seats. The Centre Party took 16 seats, newcomer Eesti 200 won 14, the Social Democrats nine and Isamaa eight, on a 63.7 percent turnout. Kallas formed a three-party coalition of Reform, Eesti 200 and SDE; the coalition has since been reduced to Reform and Eesti 200 under Prime Minister Kristen Michal. (Estonia also voted in the June 2024 European Parliament election, but the 2023 Riigikogu vote was the last national parliamentary contest.)
2022
Italy
ResultGiorgia Meloni's right-wing bloc sweeps Italy's snap election
The centre-right coalition won about 43.8% of the Chamber vote and 44.0% in the Senate, taking 237 of 400 Chamber seats and 115 of 200 Senate seats. Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy became the largest single party on roughly 26%, ahead of the Democratic Party (about 19%) and the Five Star Movement (15.4%), on a record-low turnout of 63.9%. Meloni was sworn in as Italy's first woman prime minister on 22 October 2022 at the head of a coalition with the League and Forza Italia.
Results are as reported when the count was complete or near complete; official certification can follow later. Dates marked “expected” or “by” are not yet fixed.