534 – Second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus published.
1532 – Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captures Inca Emperor Atahualpa after a surprise ambush at Cajamarca in the Peruvian Andes.
1776 – British troops capture Fort Washington during the American Revolution.
1945 – Founding of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
1948 – Operation Magic Carpet begins with 1st plane from Yemen carrying Jews to Israel. 1960 – Actor Clark Gable, who epitomized the American ideal of masculinity for three decades and was known as the “King of Hollywood,” died of a heart attack, days after finishing work on The Misfits (1961).
1988 – Benazir Bhutto, elected prime minister of Pakistan on this day in 1988, became the first woman in modern history to lead a Muslim country, serving as prime minister from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.
2000 – Bill Clinton becomes the first U.S. President to visit Vietnam since the end of the Vietnam War.
2015 – French President François Hollande declares the country at war with ISIS in an address to parliament.
Music: 1959 “Sound of Music” musical by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II first opens at Lunt Fontanne Theatre, NYC, for 1443 performances.
Film: 2001 – The British author J.K. Rowling’s star creation–bespectacled boy wizard Harry Potter–makes his big-screen debut in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, which opens in movie theatres across the United States.
Sport: 2003 – Lionel Messi makes his official debut for FC Barcelona in a friendly against Porto.
