1813 – Chilpancingo congress declares Mexico independent of Spain.
1860 – Abraham Lincoln (Rep-R-Ill) elected 16th American President.
1888 – Benjamin Harrison of the Republican Party was elected U.S. president by an electoral majority despite losing the popular vote by more than 90,000 to his Democratic opponent, Grover Cleveland.
1913 – Mahatma Gandhi arrested for leading Indian miners’ march in South Africa.
1917 – Bolshevik revolution begins with bombardment of the Winter Palace in Petrograd during the Russian October Revolution.
1978 – Shah of Iran places Iran under military rule; General Gholan Reza Azhari forms government.
1984 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan won reelection in a landslide victory over Democratic candidate Walter F. Mondale.
2000 – American environmentalist David Brower, who spent nearly 70 years working to protect wilderness areas in the United States and was an influential member of the Sierra Club, died at age 88.
Sport: 1961 – US government issues a stamp honoring 100th birthday of James Naismith, inventor of the game basketball.
1995 – Art Modell, the owner of the NFL’s Cleveland Browns, announced that he was moving the team to Baltimore, which enraged sportswriters and Cleveland fans.
Music: 1975 – First performance of the Sex Pistols at St Martins College, London.
TV & Film: 1947 – NBC’s “Meet the Press” debuts – US’s longest running TV show.
